China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) directly administered by the central government invested 1.1 trillion yuan (about 157.69 billion U.S. dollars) in research and development (R&D) in 2025, official data showed on Wednesday.

The R&D spending has remained above 1 trillion yuan for four consecutive years, said Pang Xiaogang, deputy head of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.